歷期出版
頁數:19 ﹣50
為何應該以人工智能強化倫理衝突的緊急決策？
Why AI Should Augment Urgent Decision-Making Involving Ethical Conflicts?
人工智能、倫理決策、緊急情況、倫理兩難/衝突、公共參與及民主
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Ethical decision-making, Urgent situations, Ethical dilemmas／coflicts, Public participation and democracy
針對緊急且涉及倫理兩難或衝突而人們難以做出良好決策的事項上，本文主張應 該設計人工智能(artificial intelligence，簡稱 AI)來改善甚至取代人們做倫理決策。 這種 AI 倫理衝突決策系統，表面上是取代人類做出決策，但實質上是人類借助 AI 做 出較佳的倫理決策，這種決策是從資料驅動到 AI 驅動。本文透過檢討那些反對以 AI 做倫理決策的方法論與本體論等兩類批評，並從檢討中指出這兩類批評，有哪部分 值得 AI 開發者警惕，有哪部分則是對於這類倫理決策系統的誤解。本文並進一步指 出，這種借助 AI 來改善涉及公共事務的緊急倫理衝突決策，若能從 AI 系統設計到部 署的每個階段，皆納入決策利益相關人員甚至公眾的參與，便是辛諾特—阿姆斯壯與 斯科堡於 2021 年所主張的「人工改良民主」。
This article argues that artificial intelligence (AI) should be designed to improve or even replace human decision-making in urgent situations involving ethical dilemmas or conflicts, which are well-known to be difficult for people to make good decisions. While the AI ethical conflict decision-making system may seem to supplant human decision-making, in reality, humans utilize AI to make better ethical decisions, transitioning from data- driven to AI-driven decision-making. By examining two types of criticisms—methodology and ontology—against using AI in ethical decision-making, this article points out which parts AI developers should be aware of and which are misunderstandings of these systems. Furthermore, the article suggests that involving decision-makers and even the public in every stage of AI system design and deployment can be viewed as an “Artificial Improved Democracy” proposed by Sinnott-Armstrong and Skorburg in 2021, which could enhance the development of AI ethical decision-making systems involving public affairs.
